In the regulated world of cannabis shipping, maintaining product integrity from origin to destination is not just best practice—it’s the law. One of the most critical processes ensuring this integrity is the chain of custody (CoC) protocol. For cannabis logistics companies, this system is a foundational requirement that helps verify accountability, security, and compliance every step of the way.

Chain of custody refers to the chronological documentation—or paper trail—that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, and disposition of cannabis products. In simple terms, it tracks who had the product, when, where, and under what conditions. Each handoff is documented, ensuring the product remains secure and unaltered from the cultivator or manufacturer to the retail shelf.

In cannabis, where strict state-by-state regulations govern cultivation, distribution, and sale, CoC protocols are especially important. These protocols typically begin at the cultivation or manufacturing site. Once the cannabis product is prepared for transport, the shipping company initiates documentation that may include:

• A manifest outlining the product details, quantity, and destination
• Identification numbers linking the product to a state-licensed track-and-trace system
• Signatures and timestamps for each individual who handles the shipment
• Condition verification at every checkpoint, such as seal integrity, temperature (for perishable items), and product count

Each of these steps must align with state regulatory bodies, such as the California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) or Nevada’s Cannabis Compliance Board (CCB). Most states use seed-to-sale tracking systems like Metrc or BioTrackTHC, which integrate with the shipper’s records to confirm real-time data.

Why does chain of custody matter so much? First, it enhances product security. By recording every handoff, cannabis companies reduce the risk of theft, diversion, or tampering. It also provides protection in the case of audits, discrepancies, or product recalls. If contamination or mislabeling is discovered, the chain of custody helps pinpoint the issue quickly, limiting liability and allowing faster corrective action.

For compliance officers and logistics teams, maintaining a robust CoC protocol is part of daily operations. Training staff on how to handle documentation, use scanning tools, and follow proper handoff procedures is key. Many operators now rely on RFID or GPS-enabled transport technologies that automatically record location and status updates in real-time, further enhancing transparency.

Ultimately, the chain of custody provides more than just peace of mind. It builds trust with regulators, retailers, and consumers. In a highly scrutinized industry where margins can be tight and violations costly, it’s not just about knowing where your cannabis is—it’s about proving it.